how do norms show up?
Norms emerge from individual’s interactions and are meant to represent a solution to the problem of attaining and maintaining social order. Sand social order requires cooperation and thus n. Norms of cooperation for example can include honesty, loyalty, reciprocity and promise keeping which are crucial to the smooth functioning of social groups. Norms They emerge in small, close-knit groups in which people have ongoing interactions with each other (Hardin, 1982). They are inferred from observing how members behave and interact with each other.
Norms can exist for individuals, organizations and societies and can be found at multiple levels in each environment. They have a certain degree of “situational variability, or conditionality,” given the environment in which they appear (Marini, 2001). We see norms showing up in varying contexts of society, culture, gender, age and location to name a few.
Traditional game theory can also help with an explanation as to how norms show up. In repeated encounters, people have an opportunity to learn from each other’s behavior, and to secure a pattern of reciprocity that minimizes the likelihood of misperception. To be effective, normsthey must be simple. Delayed and disproportionate punishment as well as belated reward are difficult to understand and are therefore ineffective as norms. If norms develop in small groups and are effective, they can quickly spread and propagate to larger systems. If ineffective, they will die out.
Failure to follow a norm may not bring on a punishment by law but can lead to being shunned by society. An example of breaking a norm would be to not wear a suit to a white collar job interview. By not abiding by this norm, someone can face certain repercussions such as not being hired.
Norms can exist for individuals, organizations and societies and can be found at multiple levels in each environment. They have a certain degree of “situational variability, or conditionality,” given the environment in which they appear (Marini, 2001). We see norms showing up in varying contexts of society, culture, gender, age and location to name a few.
Traditional game theory can also help with an explanation as to how norms show up. In repeated encounters, people have an opportunity to learn from each other’s behavior, and to secure a pattern of reciprocity that minimizes the likelihood of misperception. To be effective, normsthey must be simple. Delayed and disproportionate punishment as well as belated reward are difficult to understand and are therefore ineffective as norms. If norms develop in small groups and are effective, they can quickly spread and propagate to larger systems. If ineffective, they will die out.
Failure to follow a norm may not bring on a punishment by law but can lead to being shunned by society. An example of breaking a norm would be to not wear a suit to a white collar job interview. By not abiding by this norm, someone can face certain repercussions such as not being hired.